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Epikeratophakia is a specific surgical procedure utilized in the realm of ophthalmology, designed primarily to address refractive errors such as myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), and astigmatism. The term derives from "epi," meaning "upon" or "over," and "kerato," relating to the cornea, which indicates that the procedure involves placing a tissue layer over the cornea to alter its optical properties. This technique typically involves the placement of a donor corneal lenticule, which is a thin, disc-shaped slice of cornea, onto the anterior surface of the patient's cornea. The donor lenticule is often obtained from a human cadaver, ensuring it possesses the necessary corneal characteristics to achieve optimal visual correction. Before the operation, the patient's eye is thoroughly examined to determine the appropriate curvature and thickness of the lenticule required for their unique vision correction needs. The epikeratophakia procedure begins with the surgeon preparing the recipient's cornea by cleaning and debriding it to create a suitable surface for the attachment of the lenticule. Once the recipient cornea is prepared, the donor lenticule is carefully positioned and secured using a biocompatible adhesive or sutures, which helps to ensure stability and integration of the lenticule with the patient's cornea. After the surgical procedure, the patient is monitored closely for signs of rejection or complications, as with any transplant procedure. One of the significant advantages of epikeratophakia is that it is less invasive than full-thickness corneal transplants or procedures like LASIK, which reshapes the cornea itself. Since the surgery involves only the outer layer of the cornea, it retains most of the cornea's structural integrity while allowing for significant improvements in visual acuity. The recovery process generally involves managing postoperative medications to control inflammation and prevent infection, along with scheduled follow-up visits to assess the cornea's healing process and the effectiveness of the refractive correction achieved by the lenticule. However, as with any surgical intervention, there are potential risks involved, including the possibility of scarring, rejection of the donor tissue, and the development of irregular astigmatism if the lenticule shifts or does not adhere properly. Despite these risks, epikeratophakia has been a valuable option for patients who may not be suitable candidates for other refractive surgical procedures due to thin corneas or other anatomical considerations. The relative ease of the procedure and its ability to be reversed by removing the lenticule, if necessary, further contribute to its appeal in the evolving field of refractive surgery. Emerging technologies and techniques continue to improve the outcomes and safety profiles of epikeratophakia, making it a noteworthy choice for managing various refractive disorders. Overall, epikeratophakia exemplifies the advancements in surgical methods aimed at enhancing vision correction while minimizing the invasiveness and associated risks of traditional corneal surgeries.